Menstrual Irregularities: When Should You See a Gynaecologist?

Is your period suddenly shorter or longer, or is it skipping months? Menstrual cycles are a window into your overall reproductive health. While occasional irregularities are common, understanding when these changes are normal and when they may signal an underlying issue is crucial. This blog is here to help women understand when irregularities in their menstrual cycle are typical and when it's time to consult a gynaecologist.

What Is a Normal Menstrual Cycle?

A typical menstrual cycle lasts between 21 to 35 days, with periods lasting 3 to 7 days. Symptoms such as cramps, bloating, and mood swings may also occur. However, some variation is normal, especially during the teen years, when cycles are still established, or during perimenopause, when cycles can become irregular due to hormonal changes. The most important factor is consistency; if your cycle is within this range and consistent, it is generally considered normal.

For more information on common misconceptions about menstrual health and how tracking can help you better understand your cycle, read our blog "What Are the Biggest Myths About Menstrual Health, and How Can Tracking Help?".

Common Types of Menstrual Irregularities

Menstrual irregularities can take several forms. Here are the most common types:

• Missed or Absent Periods (Amenorrhea): Missing periods for several months can indicate underlying issues such as hormonal imbalances, stress, or other health concerns.
• Heavy or Prolonged Periods (Menorrhagia): Periods lasting longer than 7 days or bleeding heavier than normal can result in anaemia and should be addressed.
• Short Cycles (Polymenorrhea): Cycles shorter than 21 days may indicate hormonal imbalances or other conditions.
• Irregular or Unpredictable Cycles (Oligomenorrhea): Periods that are inconsistent or unpredictable may point to hormonal imbalances, stress, or reproductive health conditions.

What Causes Irregular Periods?

Several factors can cause menstrual irregularities. Some of the common causes include:

• Hormonal imbalances: Conditions like PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome), thyroid issues, or pituitary disorders can affect your cycle.
• Stress: Emotional or physical stress can disrupt hormone levels, causing delays or missed periods.
• Weight fluctuations: Extreme weight loss, obesity, or eating disorders can impact menstrual cycles.
• Medications or birth control: Certain medications, including birth control pills or intrauterine devices (IUDs), can alter the regularity of your period.
• Uterine conditions: Conditions like fibroids, polyps, or endometriosis can cause irregular or heavy periods.
• Chronic illnesses or eating disorders: Health conditions like diabetes or anorexia can also affect menstrual cycles.

When Should You See a Gynaecologist?

While some menstrual irregularities are normal, certain symptoms should not be ignored. Here are some red flags that require medical attention:

• Missing 3 or more periods a year: If your periods are consistently absent for several months, this could be a sign of an underlying condition.
• Extremely heavy bleeding or clots: If your period is unusually heavy or accompanied by large clots, you should see a gynaecologist.
• Bleeding between periods: Spotting or bleeding between regular cycles may indicate uterine issues, such as fibroids or polyps.
• Severe cramping or fatigue: Intense cramping or fatigue during periods could point to conditions like endometriosis or fibroids.
• Sudden cycle changes after years of regularity: If your cycle suddenly changes after being regular for years, it’s important to seek professional advice.

For tips on how to prepare for your first visit to a gynaecologist, check out our guide on How to Prepare for Your First Visit to a Gynaecologist.

Diagnosis and Treatment Options

If you visit a gynaecologist for menstrual irregularities, here's what you can expect:

• History and Physical Exam: Your doctor will ask about your menstrual cycle, health history, and lifestyle.
• Blood tests: Hormone tests, including thyroid function and prolactin levels, will help determine any hormonal imbalances.
• Ultrasound: A pelvic ultrasound can help identify conditions like fibroids or polyps.
• Other tests: Depending on symptoms, your doctor may recommend an endometrial biopsy or other specialised tests.

Possible treatments include:

• Lifestyle changes: A balanced diet, regular exercise, and stress management techniques can help regulate periods.
• Hormonal therapy: Birth control pills, hormone replacement therapy, or IUDs can help regulate irregular cycles.
• PCOS management: Medications like metformin or lifestyle changes can help manage PCOS-related irregularities.
• Surgery: In cases of fibroids or polyps, surgical removal may be necessary.

How to Track Your Period for Better Diagnosis

Tracking your menstrual cycle can help your gynaecologist make a more accurate diagnosis. Consider using an app or journal to log your cycle dates, symptoms, and flow. This information will assist your doctor in understanding your cycle patterns and help determine the best course of action. Download a period tracker here for easy monitoring.

Final Thoughts

Menstrual irregularities are common, but they should not be ignored if they persist or worsen. Listening to your body and seeking professional help when necessary is essential to maintaining reproductive health. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent potential problems and improve hormonal balance, helping you stay healthy and achieve your fertility goals.

Is Something Off with Your Periods? Consult with Our Experts

Are you experiencing irregular periods or other menstrual health issues? Don’t wait for symptoms to get worse. Visit Prerana Hospital for expert care and a personalised treatment plan. Our team of experienced gynaecologists will work with you to determine the best course of action to restore your menstrual health. Book your consultation today.

Frequently Asked Questions